Q18 is a Patented Invention: A Component for Hydrocarbon Fuels (especially light and heavy diesel and heating oils), which Through the Optimization of Fuel Combustion Processes – Radically Reduces Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, Particulate Matter (PM), and Other Harmful Substances.

Preliminary research confirmed that the main issue with emissions is not so much the fossil fuels themselves, but the inadequately designed combustion process, or more specifically – the chemical composition of hydrocarbon fuels, which prevents the complete combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber (sic!). As a result of such an imperfect process, unburned substances are released as exhaust gases containing excess amounts of CO₂, particulate matter (PM), and other harmful gases.

Based on this, the world’s first fuel component was developed, which through the optimization of hydrocarbon fuel combustion processes, radically lowers emissions of harmful gases and particles, while simultaneously improving engine operating conditions.

According to patent documentation 243340 B1, the invention pertains to an additive for diesel fuel (B7, B100), especially one that contains methyl esters of higher fatty acids (FAME).

The innovation of the patented component lies in its use of a comprehensive composition that improves the fuel combustion process and reduces the emission of harmful substances, resulting in higher engine efficiency and reduced emissions of toxic exhaust components. The component consists of dicyclopentadienyl iron and its alkyl derivative, a polymer surfactant, and a solvent, which together create a synergistic effect that enhances exhaust cleanliness and reduces fuel consumption.

The essence of Q18’s action is to catalyze the combustion of hydrocarbons, soot, and carbon monoxide, as well as maintain the cleanliness of the fuel supply system. Therefore, even with a minimal concentration of the additive in the fuel (1:10,000 L), it is possible to significantly reduce emissions of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matter.

“It Can Be Boldly Stated That Q18 is the ‘Missing Link in Hydrocarbon Fuel Production’. If It Had Been Developed Earlier – the World Would Not Be on the Brink of Climate Catastrophe Today!”

The greatest achievement in the development of this invention for its creators was the successful integration of advanced catalytic technology into the fuel combustion process. They specifically managed to enhance the efficiency of fuel combustion and reduce emissions of harmful pollutants to an extent that previous researchers had not achieved. Their innovation significantly improved the fuel’s burn rate, leading to lower levels of unburned hydrocarbons and particulate matter, and thus exceeded the performance of existing technologies. This advancement represents a major breakthrough in achieving more sustainable and cleaner fuel usage.

Challenge:

The main challenge was to create a component that, through the enhancement of hydrocarbon fuel combustion processes, reduces emissions of particulate matter and other toxic exhaust components while simultaneously extending engine lifespan, which is particularly important for health and the environment.

Innovation:

The inventors achieved a breakthrough in scientific research by developing a multifunctional modifier for diesel fuel (B7, B100), heating oil (both light and heavy), fuel oil, and marine fuels, which improves the combustion process of all fractions and thus significantly reduces harmful substance emissions. The achieved formula is particularly effective for fuels containing methyl esters of higher fatty acids (FAME), which are a component of biodiesel.

Breakthrough Achievements:

The scientists managed to achieve synergy among the additive components, resulting in a significant reduction in particulate matter emissions (up to 77% for B100 fuel) and other toxic exhaust components, while maintaining the fuel’s lubricating and low-temperature properties.

Competitive Advantage:

The component according to this patent shows clearly better performance compared to other solutions, such as classical detergents or other commercial products containing iron compounds, as confirmed by conducted studies and tests.

The Q18 component significantly enhances fuel combustion processes, leading to several benefits for engine longevity:

• Toxin Emission Reduction: The Q18 formula reduces the emission of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matter, which can contribute to a longer engine life.
• Fuel System Protection: The detergent in the component helps maintain the cleanliness of the fuel delivery system, preventing the buildup of contaminants and potentially extending engine operation time.
• Improved Efficiency: The iron compounds in the formula catalyze the combustion of soot and solid organic substances, leading to more efficient combustion, increased overall engine efficiency, and reduced fuel consumption.
• Reduced Coking: The component decreases the degree of injector coking, which can contribute to more consistent fuel flow and better engine performance.
• Support for Biodiesel: The component is compatible with biodiesel, supporting the development and use of renewable fuels with a lower environmental impact.

In addition to emission reductions, the use of the Q18 component has also demonstrated other valuable properties, such as:

• Fuel Consumption Reduction (7-12%);
• Extended Engine Life and Cleaner Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF);
• Reduced AdBlue Consumption (if used);
• Nearly twice the extended fuel storage/handling capability (slowing aging processes).

At present, component Q18 is suitable for use with all types of diesel fuels, both light and heavy diesel oils, marine fuel, and mazut. For each of these fuels, a slight modification of the formula is required, which significantly improves its parameters.

Currently, iQiTech is conducting extensive research to obtain a similar formula for gasoline and jet engines—aiming to provide a radical reduction in emissions and savings.

The component was created based on unique technology, providing extraordinary efficiency: 1 liter of Q18 is designed to modify up to 10,000 liters of base fuel. It guarantees immediate penetration and absorption, which facilitates its application in all types of installations: from fuel production to direct use in fuel-burning installations (power plants and combined heat and power plants, ships, and other industrial installations).

“The law of conservation of mass” is a fundamental principle in chemistry and physics that states that the mass of a closed system remains constant. In the context of burning hydrocarbon fuels, this law means that the total mass of the elements present in the fuel (e.g., carbon, hydrogen) must be preserved in the combustion products.

Specifically, in the case of burning hydrocarbon fuels, all the carbon and hydrogen from the fuel are converted into carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water vapor (H₂O) during the combustion process. The total mass of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms remains unchanged, although their chemical arrangement changes.

Therefore, all the carbon content from the fuel is ultimately released into the atmosphere as CO₂. This means that to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, it is necessary to limit the amount of fuel burned.

To determine the impact on global warming, first (1) obtain the baseline reductions for the main Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) from the Q18 documentation.

Baseline GHG Reductions:

The following data show the measured reductions for fuel B100:

• CO₂ Reduction: -12% (equivalent to combustion reduction)
• CO Reduction: -26%
• Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Reduction: -15%
• Methane (CH₄) Reduction: -40%

(for other fuels – see the table)

According to the patent documentation, reductions depend on the type of base fuel used with the Q18 component, and the measured GHG reductions may vary. The “heavier” the fuel used, the greater the reductions will be.

It is important to note that in terms of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) reduction, the listed gases have a much greater impact on climate warming than carbon dioxide itself!

• CO – GWP: 1.9 (IPCC)
• NOₓ (N₂O) – GWP: 298 (IPCC)
• Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHC) (CH₄) – GWP: 28 (IPCC)

This means, for example, that the emission of 1 ton of nitrous oxide (N₂O) has the same negative impact on climate warming as 298 tons of CO₂ (sic!)

To measure the actual GHG reduction, it is not sufficient to subtract the Baseline Reduction values from each pollutant. Therefore, (2) determine the content of each gas in the emissions for each type of fuel separately.

Next, (3) use the IPCC table to check the GWP values and (4) multiply them by the physical content of each gas in the emitted exhaust gases. This gives you the so-called Carbon Dioxide Equivalents, or CO₂e. For calculation purposes, sum these new values and assume they together represent 100% of the entire GHG group (emitted with the exhaust).

(5) Then, reduce each gas individually. However, simply subtracting its share by the value resulting only from Baseline Reduction does not account for the actual reduction further enhanced by fuel consumption reduction (from 7 to 12%).

To perform this calculation correctly, use the following formula:

RR = 1 – (1 – RB/100) x (1 – RS/100)

(where: RR – Actual Reduction, RB – Baseline Reduction, RS – Fuel Consumption Reduction)

This will give you the amounts of each gas in the emissions after reduction. If (6) you sum these and then subtract from the pre-reduction value (assumed to be 100%), you get (7) the precise value of GHG reduction after applying the Q18 component!

Actual GHG Reductions:

(for fuel B100)

• CO₂ Reduction: -12% (equivalent to combustion reduction)
• CO Reduction: -34.88%
• Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Reduction: -25.20%
• Methane (CH₄) Reduction: -47.20%

(for other fuels – see the table)

To then calculate the total reduction of Greenhouse Gases in the emissions, calculate (8) the content of each gas after reduction (check the original share of each gas in the emissions and subtract the Actual Reduction value). Sum these results (9). For fuel B100, this will now be 66.54%. Thus, the overall reduction degree is: (100 – 66.54) = 33.46%!

In the case of fossil fuel combustion, the main harmful by-products are nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), and particulate matter (PM).

With the application of the Q18 component, we can reduce emissions of these gases and particulate matter. These are general, accepted values (detailed reductions – see ‘Gas and PM Reduction Table’):

• Particulate Matter (PM): – REDUCTION: 75%
• NOx and SOx: – REDUCTION: 15%
• Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHC): – REDUCTION: 40%

– Particulate Matter (PM) can lead to air pollution and health problems, especially for individuals with respiratory issues. Studies show that illnesses and premature deaths caused by air pollution from particulate matter are among the most dangerous problems of modern civilization.

Data for 2019, source: Burden of Disease – Our World in Data

[Disease burden is measured as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). One DALY is equivalent to one lost year of healthy life due to either premature death or disability. DALY represents one lost year of healthy life.]

Air pollution by particulate matter is a serious health issue, encompassing solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air. Negative health effects include cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, with significant economic burdens on global healthcare systems.

– NOx and SOx contribute to smog, acid rain, and health problems such as respiratory diseases. In the atmosphere, they can also react with other gases, effectively creating greenhouse gases. Thus, although they are not classified as GHGs themselves (except for nitrous oxide – N2O), their indirect impact on climate warming is evident.

– Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHC) pose a serious threat to the environment and the health and life of living organisms. UHC, being incompletely burned particles of hydrocarbon fuels, escape into the atmosphere due to incomplete combustion.

Emission of unburned hydrocarbons, including methane, is undesirable because:

• It contributes to air pollution and has a negative impact on the environment.
• Methane is a greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming.
• Unburned hydrocarbons represent lost fuel, reducing engine efficiency.

The negative environmental impact of UHC includes contributing to air pollution and accelerating the greenhouse effect. For living organisms, UHCs are equally harmful as they can penetrate the respiratory system and bloodstream, causing health problems such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Moreover, long-term exposure to UHCs may increase the risk of developing cancer.

Greenhouse gases (GHG) are gases that cause atmospheric warming by absorbing electromagnetic and thermal radiation. Greenhouse gases absorb radiation emitted by the Earth, preventing heat from escaping into space. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most well-known greenhouse gas, but there are others that are much more harmful.

The main greenhouse gases, besides carbon dioxide (CO₂), are: methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated greenhouse gases such as fluorocarbons and freons. Additionally, carbon monoxide (CO) was recognized as a greenhouse gas by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2013.

– Methane is about 25 times more potent greenhouse gas than CO₂, with emissions primarily from agriculture and waste management.

– Nitrous oxide is another dangerous greenhouse gas, also negatively impacting air quality and leading to acid rain and water eutrophication.

– Fluorinated greenhouse gases, although present in small quantities, are very powerful greenhouse gases with a significant impact on climate change.

The Global Warming Potential (GWP) factor is a measure that determines the relative contribution of a greenhouse gas to global warming compared to carbon dioxide (CO₂). It is calculated by comparing the amount of energy absorbed by the emission of one ton of a given greenhouse gas over a specified period (usually 20, 100, or 500 years) to the energy absorbed by one ton of CO₂ over the same period. This calculation takes into account the radiative efficiency and the atmospheric lifetime of the gas. CO₂ is the reference gas with a GWP of 1, and the GWP values of other gases are relative to this. The GWP factor is a valuable tool for comparing the climate impact of different greenhouse gases.

CO₂e (CO₂ equivalent) is a measure used to compare the emissions of different greenhouse gases based on their global warming potential (GWP). It expresses the impact of each greenhouse gas in terms of the amount of CO₂ that would cause the same warming effect over a given period, typically 100 years.

Unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) are partially combusted particles of hydrocarbon fuels that escape into the atmosphere due to incomplete combustion. They have a negative impact on the environment, contributing to air pollution and accelerating the greenhouse effect. For living organisms, UHCs are also harmful, as they can enter the respiratory system and bloodstream, causing health issues, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Long-term exposure to UHCs can increase the risk of developing cancer.

Particulate matter (PM) are tiny, airborne particles of harmful substances that are produced from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, such as petroleum. These air pollutants, also known as suspended particulates, have a negative impact on human health as they can penetrate the lungs and cause a range of respiratory and cardiovascular issues, as well as related diseases. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases and even reduce average life expectancy.

NOx refers to nitrogen oxides, and SOx refers to sulfur oxides, which are produced from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. These air pollutants negatively impact the environment by contributing to smog and acid rain, which damage ecosystems and contribute to climate warming. For living organisms, NOx and SOx are harmful as they can irritate the respiratory tract, cause breathing problems, and worsen cardiovascular health. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of these compounds increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Although not all NOx and SOx are directly classified as greenhouse gases, they can undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere that lead to the formation of compounds with greenhouse properties.

Therefore, reducing emissions of the entire NOx group, including N₂O, is a significant goal in reducing emissions from internal combustion engines.

Here are examples of such reactions:

1. Reactions of NOx with other compounds:

• NOx + hydroxyl radicals (OH) → HNO₃ (nitric acid) – contributes to the formation of ozone (O₃), which is a greenhouse gas.
• NOx + hydrocarbons → nitrogen-containing organic compounds – some of these have greenhouse properties.

2. Reactions of SOx with other compounds:

• SOx + moisture → H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid) – contributes to the formation of aerosols, which can have greenhouse properties.
• SOx + ammonia (NH₃) → (NH₄)₂SO₄ (ammonium sulfate) – forms particulate matter that can affect the atmospheric radiative balance.

Thus, while NOx and SOx are not directly classified as greenhouse gases, they can indirectly contribute to the greenhouse effect through complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere.

EU Allowances (EUA) are a type of carbon emission permit that allows companies covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to emit a specified amount of CO₂e. EUAs can be bought and sold on the market, and the fluctuating market price of EUAs reflects the cost of reducing emissions.

If an EU member state manages to significantly reduce its greenhouse gas emissions below the allocated limits under the EU ETS, it can benefit from trading surplus EUAs.

Here’s how it works:

1. Reducing emissions below the EUA allocation:
– If a country, through investments in energy efficiency and low-emission technologies, reduces its emissions below the limit set by the number of allocated EUAs, it will have a surplus of these permits.

2. Selling the surplus EUA:
– The country can then sell the surplus EUAs on the secondary market to other companies/countries that need these permits to cover their emissions.

3. Financial benefits:
– Revenue from selling surplus EUAs provides additional financial resources for the country, which can be reinvested in further climate protection activities.

Thus, the more ambitious reduction measures a country undertakes, the more surplus EUAs it can sell on the market, generating additional budgetary income. This provides a strong financial incentive to intensify efforts towards decarbonizing the economy.