Hydrocarbon Fuels

Reinvented

Innovation Overview and Application of Patented Fuel Hydrocarbon Component (Enhancer): Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Properties, PM Particles, and other Harmful Emissions.

Reduction of CO₂e Emissions* 29% 29%
Reduction of CO Emissions* 25% 25%
Reduction of other harmful gases (NOX, SOX) Emissions* 15% 15%
Reduction of Fuel Consumption (up to)* 12% 12%
Reduction of Unburned Hydrocarbons (THC) Emissions* 40% 40%
Reduction of Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions* 75% 75%

* The Above Charts Represent General Reductions, As Our Formula Has Been Designed To Allow Further Modifications For Specific Fuels And Special Purposes, Meeting The Most Stringent Requirements. For This Reason, The Obtained Results May Be Even Better. All Information Provided By Us Is Supported By Relevant Research, Which Is Available For Review By Interested Parties. Our Formula Is Patented And Protected By International And European Law.

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Terms Used

GHG, GWP, CO2e, PM, +

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Calculation Methodology

How Do We Calculate Reductions?

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Greenhouse Gas Reduction

GHG

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Other Gases and Suspensions Reduction

NOx, SOx, UHC, PM

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Analyzing Patent Documentation

How Does Q18 Work?

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Sources

What are ‘Greenhouse Gases’ (GHG)?

Greenhouse gases (GHG) are gases that cause atmospheric warming by absorbing electromagnetic and thermal radiation. Greenhouse gases absorb radiation emitted by the Earth, preventing heat from escaping into space. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most well-known greenhouse gas, but there are others that are much more harmful.

The main greenhouse gases, besides carbon dioxide (CO₂), are: methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated greenhouse gases such as fluorocarbons and freons. Additionally, carbon monoxide (CO) was recognized as a greenhouse gas by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2013.

– Methane is about 25 times more potent greenhouse gas than CO₂, with emissions primarily from agriculture and waste management.

– Nitrous oxide is another dangerous greenhouse gas, also negatively impacting air quality and leading to acid rain and water eutrophication.

– Fluorinated greenhouse gases, although present in small quantities, are very powerful greenhouse gases with a significant impact on climate change.

What is the GWP factor?

The Global Warming Potential (GWP) factor is a measure that determines the relative contribution of a greenhouse gas to global warming compared to carbon dioxide (CO₂). It is calculated by comparing the amount of energy absorbed by the emission of one ton of a given greenhouse gas over a specified period (usually 20, 100, or 500 years) to the energy absorbed by one ton of CO₂ over the same period. This calculation takes into account the radiative efficiency and the atmospheric lifetime of the gas. CO₂ is the reference gas with a GWP of 1, and the GWP values of other gases are relative to this. The GWP factor is a valuable tool for comparing the climate impact of different greenhouse gases.

What is ‘CO2 Equivalent’ and how is it measured?

CO₂e (CO₂ equivalent) is a measure used to compare the emissions of different greenhouse gases based on their global warming potential (GWP). It expresses the impact of each greenhouse gas in terms of the amount of CO₂ that would cause the same warming effect over a given period, typically 100 years.

What are ‘Unburned Hydrocarbons’ (UHC)?

Unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) are partially combusted particles of hydrocarbon fuels that escape into the atmosphere due to incomplete combustion. They have a negative impact on the environment, contributing to air pollution and accelerating the greenhouse effect. For living organisms, UHCs are also harmful, as they can enter the respiratory system and bloodstream, causing health issues, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Long-term exposure to UHCs can increase the risk of developing cancer.

What are Particulate Matter (PM)?

Particulate matter (PM) are tiny, airborne particles of harmful substances that are produced from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, such as petroleum. These air pollutants, also known as suspended particulates, have a negative impact on human health as they can penetrate the lungs and cause a range of respiratory and cardiovascular issues, as well as related diseases. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases and even reduce average life expectancy.

What are NOx and SOx?

NOx refers to nitrogen oxides, and SOx refers to sulfur oxides, which are produced from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. These air pollutants negatively impact the environment by contributing to smog and acid rain, which damage ecosystems and contribute to climate warming. For living organisms, NOx and SOx are harmful as they can irritate the respiratory tract, cause breathing problems, and worsen cardiovascular health. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of these compounds increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Although not all NOx and SOx are directly classified as greenhouse gases, they can undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere that lead to the formation of compounds with greenhouse properties.

Therefore, reducing emissions of the entire NOx group, including N₂O, is a significant goal in reducing emissions from internal combustion engines.

Here are examples of such reactions:

1. Reactions of NOx with other compounds:

NOx + hydroxyl radicals (OH) → HNO₃ (nitric acid) – contributes to the formation of ozone (O₃), which is a greenhouse gas.
NOx + hydrocarbons → nitrogen-containing organic compounds – some of these have greenhouse properties.

2. Reactions of SOx with other compounds:

SOx + moisture → H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid) – contributes to the formation of aerosols, which can have greenhouse properties.
SOx + ammonia (NH₃) → (NH₄)₂SO₄ (ammonium sulfate) – forms particulate matter that can affect the atmospheric radiative balance.

Thus, while NOx and SOx are not directly classified as greenhouse gases, they can indirectly contribute to the greenhouse effect through complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere.

What are ‘Emission Allowances (EUA)’?

EU Allowances (EUA) are a type of carbon emission permit that allows companies covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to emit a specified amount of CO₂e. EUAs can be bought and sold on the market, and the fluctuating market price of EUAs reflects the cost of reducing emissions.

If an EU member state manages to significantly reduce its greenhouse gas emissions below the allocated limits under the EU ETS, it can benefit from trading surplus EUAs.

Here’s how it works:

1. Reducing emissions below the EUA allocation:
– If a country, through investments in energy efficiency and low-emission technologies, reduces its emissions below the limit set by the number of allocated EUAs, it will have a surplus of these permits.

2. Selling the surplus EUA:
– The country can then sell the surplus EUAs on the secondary market to other companies/countries that need these permits to cover their emissions.

3. Financial benefits:
– Revenue from selling surplus EUAs provides additional financial resources for the country, which can be reinvested in further climate protection activities.

Thus, the more ambitious reduction measures a country undertakes, the more surplus EUAs it can sell on the market, generating additional budgetary income. This provides a strong financial incentive to intensify efforts towards decarbonizing the economy.

How to correctly calculate all GHG Reductions?

To determine the impact on global warming, first (1) obtain the baseline reductions for the main Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) from the Q18 documentation.

Baseline GHG Reductions:

The following data show the measured reductions for fuel B100:

CO₂ Reduction: -12% (equivalent to combustion reduction)
CO Reduction: -26%
Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Reduction: -15%
Methane (CH₄) Reduction: -40%

(for other fuels – see the table)

According to the patent documentation, reductions depend on the type of base fuel used with the Q18 component, and the measured GHG reductions may vary. The “heavier” the fuel used, the greater the reductions will be.

It is important to note that in terms of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) reduction, the listed gases have a much greater impact on climate warming than carbon dioxide itself!

CO – GWP: 1.9 (IPCC)
NOₓ (N₂O) – GWP: 298 (IPCC)
Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHC) (CH₄) – GWP: 28 (IPCC)

This means, for example, that the emission of 1 ton of nitrous oxide (N₂O) has the same negative impact on climate warming as 298 tons of CO₂ (sic!)

To measure the actual GHG reduction, it is not sufficient to subtract the Baseline Reduction values from each pollutant. Therefore, (2) determine the content of each gas in the emissions for each type of fuel separately.

Next, (3) use the IPCC table to check the GWP values and (4) multiply them by the physical content of each gas in the emitted exhaust gases. This gives you the so-called Carbon Dioxide Equivalents, or CO₂e. For calculation purposes, sum these new values and assume they together represent 100% of the entire GHG group (emitted with the exhaust).

(5) Then, reduce each gas individually. However, simply subtracting its share by the value resulting only from Baseline Reduction does not account for the actual reduction further enhanced by fuel consumption reduction (from 7 to 12%).

To perform this calculation correctly, use the following formula:

RR = 1 – (1 – RB/100) x (1 – RS/100)

(where: RR – Actual Reduction, RB – Baseline Reduction, RS – Fuel Consumption Reduction)

This will give you the amounts of each gas in the emissions after reduction. If (6) you sum these and then subtract from the pre-reduction value (assumed to be 100%), you get (7) the precise value of GHG reduction after applying the Q18 component!

Actual GHG Reductions:

(for fuel B100)

CO₂ Reduction: -12% (equivalent to combustion reduction)
CO Reduction: -34.88%
Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Reduction: -25.20%
Methane (CH₄) Reduction: -47.20%

(for other fuels – see the table)

To then calculate the total reduction of Greenhouse Gases in the emissions, calculate (8) the content of each gas after reduction (check the original share of each gas in the emissions and subtract the Actual Reduction value). Sum these results (9). For fuel B100, this will now be 66.54%. Thus, the overall reduction degree is: (100 – 66.54) = 33.46%!

How does Q18 Reduce CO₂ Emissions?

“The law of conservation of mass” is a fundamental principle in chemistry and physics that states that the mass of a closed system remains constant. In the context of burning hydrocarbon fuels, this law means that the total mass of the elements present in the fuel (e.g., carbon, hydrogen) must be preserved in the combustion products.

Specifically, in the case of burning hydrocarbon fuels, all the carbon and hydrogen from the fuel are converted into carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water vapor (H₂O) during the combustion process. The total mass of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms remains unchanged, although their chemical arrangement changes.

Therefore, all the carbon content from the fuel is ultimately released into the atmosphere as CO₂. This means that to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, it is necessary to limit the amount of fuel burned.

In the case of the combustion of fossil fuels, the main harmful by-products, in addition to greenhouse gases, are nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), sulfur oxides (SOₓ), unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), and particulate matter (PM).

Thanks to the use of the Q18 component, we can reduce emissions of these gases and particulate matter. The respective values are:

Particulate Matter (PM): - REDUCTION: 75%
NOₓ and SOₓ: - REDUCTION: 15%
Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UHC): - REDUCTION: 40%

- Particulate Matter (PM) can lead to air pollution and health problems, especially for people with respiratory issues. Studies show that illnesses and premature deaths caused by air pollution from particulate matter are one of the most dangerous problems of modern civilization.

Air pollution - main causes of deaths worldwide

Data for the year 2019, source: Burden of Disease - Our World in Data

[The Burden of Disease is measured as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). One DALY represents the loss of one year of full health, either from premature mortality or from disability.]

Air pollution from particulate matter is a serious health problem, involving solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air. Negative health effects include cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, with a significant economic burden on global healthcare systems.

- NOₓ and SOₓ contribute to smog, acid rain, and health problems such as respiratory diseases. In the atmosphere, they can also react with other gases, effectively creating greenhouse gases. Therefore, although they are not classified as GHGs (except for nitrous oxide - N₂O), their indirect impact on climate warming is evident.

- Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UHC) pose a serious threat to the environment and the health and life of living organisms. UHC, being incompletely burned hydrocarbon fuel particles, are released into the atmosphere due to incomplete combustion.

The emission of unburnt hydrocarbons, including methane, is undesirable because:

It contributes to air pollution and has a negative impact on the environment.
Methane is a greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming.
Unburnt hydrocarbons represent lost fuel, which reduces engine efficiency.

The negative impact of UHC on the environment is manifested in contributing to air pollution and accelerating the greenhouse effect. For living organisms, UHC are equally harmful, as they can penetrate the respiratory system and bloodstream, causing health problems such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Furthermore, long-term exposure to UHC may increase the risk of developing cancer.

During the preliminary research on Q18, it was confirmed that the main problem of emissions is not so much the fossil fuels themselves, but the inadequately designed combustion process, or more precisely - the chemical composition of hydrocarbon fuels, which prevents the complete combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber (sic!). As a result of such an imperfect process, unburnt substances are released in the form of exhaust containing excessive amounts of CO2, particulate matter (PM), and other harmful gases.

On this basis, the world's first fuel component was developed, which, through the optimization of hydrocarbon fuel combustion processes, drastically reduces the emissions of harmful gases and particles, while also improving the engine operating conditions.

From the patent documentation 243340 B1, we learn that the invention relates to an improved additive for diesel fuel (B7, B100), especially one that contains fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).

The innovativeness of the patented component lies in the use of a complex composition that improves the fuel combustion process and reduces the emission of harmful substances, which translates into higher engine efficiency and a reduction in the emission of toxic exhaust components. The component consists of dicyclopentadienyl iron and its alkyl derivative, a polymeric surfactant, and a solvent, which together create a synergistic effect that increases the cleanliness of the exhaust and reduces fuel consumption.

The essence of the Q18 action is the catalysis of the combustion of hydrocarbons, soot, and carbon monoxide, as well as the maintenance of the cleanliness of the fuel supply system. As a result, even with a minimal concentration of the additive in the fuel (1:10,000 L), it is possible to significantly reduce the emissions of harmful substances, such as carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, and particulate matter.

What was the greatest achievement for the creators of this invention, and what exactly did they accomplish that other researchers failed to achieve?

Challenge:

The main challenge was to create a component that, through the improvement of hydrocarbon fuel combustion processes, reduces emissions of particulate matter and other toxic exhaust components, while also extending the lifespan of engines, which is particularly important for health and the environment.

Innovation:

The inventors of the invention made a breakthrough in scientific research by developing a multifunctional modifier for diesel fuel (B7, B100), heating oil (light and heavy), heavy fuel oil, and marine fuels, which improves the combustion process of all fractions and thereby greatly reduces the emission of harmful substances. The achieved formula is particularly effective in the case of fuels containing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which are a component of biodiesel.

Groundbreaking Achievements:

The scientists managed to achieve synergy of the additive's components, which resulted in a significant reduction in particulate matter emissions (up to 77% in the case of B100 fuel) and other toxic exhaust components, while maintaining the lubricity and low-temperature properties of the fuel.

Competitive Advantage:

The component according to this patent shows clearly better results compared to other solutions, such as conventional detergents or other commercial products containing iron compounds, as confirmed by the conducted research and tests.

What impact does the Q18 formula have on engine lifespan?

The Q18 component achieves a significant improvement in fuel combustion processes, which translates into several benefits for engine lifespan:

Reduction of Toxin Emissions: The Q18 formula reduces emissions of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, and particulate matter, which can contribute to longer engine lifespan.
Protection of the Fuel System: The detergent contained in the component helps maintain the cleanliness of the fuel supply system, preventing the deposition of contaminants and potentially extending engine runtime.
Efficiency Improvement: The iron compounds in the formula catalyze the combustion of soot and solid organic substances, leading to more efficient combustion, increased overall engine efficiency, and reduced fuel consumption.
Reduced Coking: The component reduces the degree of coking of the injector tips, which can contribute to an even fuel flow and better engine performance.
Support for Biodiesel: The component is compatible with biodiesel, supporting the development and use of renewable fuels with a smaller environmental impact.

In addition to emission reductions, the use of the Q18 component has also been observed to have other valuable properties, such as:

Fuel consumption reduction (7-12%);
Extended engine lifespan and cleanliness of the particulate filter (DPF);
Reduced AdBlue consumption (if used);
Nearly double the fuel storage/shelf life (slowed aging processes).

Sources:

Q18 Patent Documentation
Global Warming Potential Values (16 February 2016)
IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), Chapter 8, Working Group I
Burden of Disease - Our World in Data

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GHG Reductions for Fuel: B100

GHG Reductions for Fuel: Mazut

GHG Reductions for Fuel: B7

In addition to the many advantages of this formula, such as the possibility of immediate implementation without the need for any modifications to existing engines, there is its incredible efficiency:

1 liter Q18 is designed for refine

liters of base fuel…

Now let’s check how these numbers would translate into an actual reduction of the problem in question if Q18 were applied on a mass scale.

Based on: www.eea.europa.eu

Comments:
– The graph shows the trend in greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector since 1990 and the forecast until 2040 at EU level (EU-27). The 2023 values are preliminary estimates reported by Member States.

– The given values include all emissions from domestic transport. They do not include international aviation and international maritime transport, or emissions related to the production of electricity used in transport (e.g. trains, trams, electric vehicles).

– The ‘with existing measures’ projection scenario reflects the impact of existing policies and measures on future emissions, while the ‘with additional measures’ scenario also includes further planned policies and measures notified by Member States.

– If breakthrough solutions to reduce gas emissions are not implemented, despite the most “optimistic” forecasts, the only thing we can count on is a reduction in emissions to a level similar to that from 3 decades ago.

– Chart Q18 shows the total CO₂e reduction (29%), which can be subject to change based on the fuel type. Our patent leaves space to modify and refine the formulation further to meet specific criteria.

It is estimated that if all vehicles in the country started using fuel improved with the Q18 formula, there would be a dramatic 30% drop in CO2 emissions (and other gases and PM, respectively) and the visible effects would be felt by all of us within just 3 months! But these are not the only benefits.

The Q18 formula can be successfully used in other emission-burdened sectors, such as maritime and air navigation, as well as power plants and combined heat and power plants, which further reduces pollution on the global emissions map. Our component causes afterburning of all fractions in the combustion process itself, working perfectly in all heavy oils dedicated to professional power generation.

Summary

As the world tries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are essentially the result of imperfect fuel combustion processes, our innovative solution at iQiTech focuses on improving the combustion process itself. By addressing the root cause rather than merely treating the symptoms, we have developed a novel compound that radically reduces gas and particulate emissions from petroleum-based fuels. This transformative approach holds the promise of mass-scale application and tangible, large-scale impact in the global fight against climate change.

“Q18 Is The Missing Link In The Fossil Fuel Production. If We Had Developed This Technology Earlier, The World Now Would Be Not Standing At The Edge of Climate Disaster!”

The widespread adoption of iQiTech’s innovative Q18 formula holds immense potential to turn the tide in the global fight against emissions and environmental degradation. By addressing the root causes of pollution through optimized fuel combustion, this transformative solution promises a cascade of benefits – from reduced contamination and enhanced energy efficiency, to tangible financial savings and improved public health.

Moreover, the Q18 compound’s ability to mitigate the environmental toll represents a critical component in the complex, multi-faceted battle to safeguard our climate. Yet, unlocking the full impact of this technology will require a concerted global commitment, international cooperation, and steadfast political and social support. With the collective resolve to enact meaningful change, iQiTech’s pioneering work can play a pivotal role in steering humanity toward a more sustainable future!